Category: Storytelling

  • Lore and the Modern Gamer

    Lore and the Modern Gamer

    Storytelling is exceptionally important to the modern gamer. It’s what sets the medium apart from others. We interact with games differently than we do with films or books. For this reason, storytelling in games can’t just rely on traditional methods of exposition or dialogues. It has to be presented as gameplay mechanics that are completely integrated into the experience without sacrificing content and quality of story. Games that tell marvelous stories keep players engaged and allow them to create connections with the characters and the world that surrounds them, making gameplay more enjoyable and more rewarding.

    Video games have transformed over the years. So much so that we’re living in a new era of gaming–one in which we have lifted storytelling from the backseat to become a major player in the industry. With advancements in graphics and game design, developers can now create more detailed worlds than ever before, with more intricate plot lines and engrossing characters that come together to form stories that can leave players craving more even after they’ve beaten the game.

    What is Lore?

    Your favorite games probably have some sort of backstory that shapes their world and gives them additional depth. We know this as lore—the history, or story, behind a game’s universe. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim and Deus Ex are great examples of games with critically celebrated lore.

    Game lore is, simply put, a game’s story and/or world information. Lore is when you play a popular role-playing game and interact with characters who tell you their life stories or how they came to be in your current location. When you explore new settings and learn about their backgrounds or read books that explain what happened before you got there, you are exploring the game lore. It is an important aspect for games because it helps players connect more with characters and overall gameplay experiences.

    To truly immerse yourself into a game, being able to understand why things are happening around you can make all the difference. It adds depth and meaning to everything you do within that universe. You don’t just fight bad guys anymore; you actively engage the enemy. Your desire to eliminate obstacles and threats more than doubles when you have an emotional connection to the process. This can help gamers feel connected with each other as well. Friends are made over similar interests through online forums where everyone talks about how much they love a certain game based on its lore alone!

    Use Of Lore In Games

    Game design is primarily driven by technology. This is not a bad thing as we have seen video games advance at an incredible rate over their short lifespan. Every gamer can tell you how much better games look today – even those who only started gaming in the past few years. However, there are many examples where game developers sacrifice story and lore for graphical fidelity or engine optimization. On paper having more robust graphics or more efficient programming may seem like it will sell more copies. Often, though, story and lore help to create a world that is deeper and more immersive than a beautiful game with dull writing could ever hope to achieve.

    Lore allows us to connect with characters, much like reading a book or watching a movie would. The reason so many people love books such as The Lord of The Rings or movies such as Star Wars is because they have an engaging story line that pulls you into their world. Even if you do not understand everything about these worlds, you still feel connected to them. Just look at our list of 10 Great Video Games for Book Lovers. Good lore is at the heart of each.

    The incredible lore in these stories offers enough depth for the mind and heart to swim in for years. Game franchises like Final Fantasy, The Witcher, and Batman: Arkham all rely on an immersive world for success. When people become invested in a story, they’re more likely to play through a game again or purchase additional games within that series. By cultivating deep lore for their games, developers can entice their audiences to keep playing.

    A Good Connection

    Game lore creates a connection between player and character. Often when you play a game, you are playing as someone else. You can’t see yourself in every protagonist, so you must be able to relate to them on some level. Having good lore makes that easier because it gives players something they can relate to or find interesting about each character. A deeper understanding of a character’s motivations can help build that bond.

    A great example of how important storytelling is for making connections is the series Mass Effect. Each character has their own backstory, which helps players connect with them more than if there was no backstory at all. In fact, many people feel that the follow-up, Mass Effect 2, had even better characters because of how much more time went into developing their backstories.

    Likewise, adaptations of popular media like movies and television shows have seen success because of the inherent relationships that the public has formed with the main characters. It’s hard to outperform built-in lore and years of head canon. Fans like heroics. They love heroes.

    Layer the Player

    Good lore can add layers of depth to your gameplay experience. If you’re exploring a dungeon and come across what appears to be evidence of something only hinted at in a previous town, the dungeon will have an added layer of satisfaction upon completion. The same is true for a side quest that only unlocks after completing another one.

    This is exactly why I love games like The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Xenoblade Chronicles. The world feels so alive because it’s not just about fighting monsters or saving princesses (though those are still important elements). The world has its own story to tell, which makes it feel more realistic and engaging than many other games on offer today. And I don’t just mean big-budget RPGs either. Smaller indie titles like Pyre or Night in the Woods also have marvelous stories that make them stand out from other games.

    Context Matters

    If all you do is run around killing things, those actions mean nothing. When paired with good lore, however, those actions become meaningful because they exist within a greater narrative structure. This makes it easier to get invested in characters and events, which helps make games more fun to play. If you’re playing as an assassin tasked with killing an evil king, you’ll feel like that action matters because it’s part of a greater story arc.

    That background also helps players contextualize their actions so that every decision feels more important. Imagine if instead of being told about how evil King Baddy was (and thus why he needed to be killed) we were just presented with his severed head on a pike and told that’s what happens when you complete your mission. That would certainly convey information, but not nearly as much as having access to his backstory does. In short, good storytelling gives players better reasons to care about what they’re doing in-game.

    Play it Again

    Good stories = replayability. A well-written story makes fans want to play through it again and again. Games with no sort of narrative flow risk people getting bored after one playthrough. This is a critical aspect of game design, especially for games with multiplayer components. If you can’t keep your players coming back for more, then what’s even the point? Good storytelling is essential for games looking for success beyond their initial release. It’s not enough to just have a good plot. You need players invested in what happens next. Otherwise, they’ll stop playing before they ever really begin.

    Fun, Fun, Fun

    At its core, gaming is fun. We should strive to make our games enjoyable even beyond just winning or losing. Good lore can provide that extra bit of enjoyment needed to turn a mediocre game into a great one. Even if your gameplay isn’t cutting edge, people will enjoy playing it if they like your world and story. And if you have both? Well then, you’ve got yourself a winner!

    So how do we make sure we’re not creating bad lore? Simple, really. Just ask yourself whether what you’re writing about is interesting to YOU as a player before you write it down. If not, rework your idea until it is interesting and proceed from there. When designing lore for your game, remember that it doesn’t have to be complex or original. All you need is something simple and easy for players to get invested in. Remember why you started playing video games in the first place: FUN!

    Lore is Timeless

    Different people find different parts of various games to be well-developed and engaging. It’s clear that game developers should invest time into crafting storylines for their fans to enjoy when playing through an expansive fantasy world or complex simulation. There are other reasons storytelling is important to gamers too. As technology advances, there will probably come a day where we can literally experience everything our games offer inside virtual reality.

    What does that mean? It means that video game companies will want to create worlds so compelling they leave us feeling like we actually visited another planet—or lived in another century altogether. And it makes sense; we already talk about movies like they’re authentic life experiences. Why not let players step inside them? I think gamers would be all in, so to speak. Especially if there is lore to explore.

    -R.E.

  • The Madness of Method Writing

    The Madness of Method Writing

    What’s the hardest part of the writing process? Figuring out what happens next, right? Every time you sit down to write, the voice in your head nags at you with that ever-so-familiar refrain, but what happens next? To find the answer to that question, you need to immerse yourself fully in your world, so you can truly understand what’s happening around your characters and with them—and why they react in certain ways. And that’s where method writing comes in!

    What is Method Writing

    Foremost, method writing isn’t just a writing technique. It’s an all-encompassing way of living that helps writers get into character, develop a story and go to places they never thought possible. With method writing, what you do is as important as what you write—but don’t worry, we won’t expect you to put your life on hold while you work on your next bestseller. We’re not asking for days without sleep or nights with 10 hours of work. Instead, think about ways that you can relax yourself into a mindset that allows for creativity in such a way that allows for productivity and rest.

    The trick to finding success through method writing is balance. It’s okay if you need more time for research than others, but be careful not to spend so much time immersed in your environment that you forget why you are there. Remember: You are there to create art, so make sure that nothing impedes your end goal!

    But, what is Method Writing?

    In simple terms, method writing is a writer’s attempt to immerse themselves in their environment before sitting down at their desk to work. The premise behind method writing goes something like this: If you want to understand how people feel when they’re experiencing certain emotions, try putting yourself in those situations before developing characters and plot points around them.

    Why Should I Use Method Writing?

    Reading about someone else’s experiences doesn’t give you insight into their mindsets. We often have trouble empathizing with characters who are unlike us—which makes them harder to write about.

    Method Examples

    The first use of method writing was most likely by an unnamed ancient Greek playwright who began living out his stories to bring them more authenticity. His plays are some of the earliest works of Western literature. While other notable writers, like Jane Austen and Leo Tolstoy, followed suit, it wasn’t until later that method writing became a more widely used practice in creative writing circles.

    In the early 20th century, American author Jack London lived in the wilderness for months at a time to write books such as The Call of the Wild and White Fang. Around that same time, Irish writer James Joyce spent years researching Dublin’s life before he wrote Ulysses. And in recent decades, several famous authors have taken on method writing projects: Salman Rushdie based his novel Midnight’s Children on his own experiences growing up in India; Bret Easton Ellis immersed himself in Los Angeles’ seedy underworld to write Less Than Zero; and Michael Chabon even studied neuroscience at Columbia University to prepare for writing The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.

    How do you make your writing feel real?

    One way is method writing. It’s a combination of story immersion and character immersion. Story immersion is when you immerse yourself in every aspect of your story, from characters to setting to atmosphere—basically everything that makes up your story. We can do this through extensive research or reading; consuming as much information about your story as possible gives you a better sense for what you are building with it.

    Character immersion is similar, but instead of immersing yourself in your story, you immerse yourself in your characters. You become them: their mannerisms, their speech patterns, and even their physical appearance. By doing so, you understand them on a deeper level and understand how they would react to situations around them (which then helps create more realistic dialogue).

    In order to immerse yourself fully in either of these processes, you must take time away from everyday life. If you want to learn about your world, go out into it. If you want to learn about your characters, spend time with them. The best part about both methods is that there is no wrong way of going about them! As long as you’re learning and understanding, that’s all that matters.

    Getting Started

    What Are You Waiting For?

    To get started, write a list of questions that need answers. From those questions, write additional questions and keep going until you have enough knowledge to fill your page. For example: How old is my main character? leads to How did he grow up? which leads to What kind of neighborhood did he grow up in? which leads to Did he have any siblings? which leads… well, you get it. Once you’ve got enough material written on paper, start looking at places where you can find answers.

    The more effort you put into finding answers, the more effective your immersion will be. If you ever feel like there’s something missing, just go back through your notes and re-center yourself on what it means to be the character. There might be something else that needs answering before you move forward with writing. Don’t forget to take notes of the realizations that you come to. It’s important to remember everything so that when it comes time to sit down and actually write, everything will make sense.

    How To Do It Right

    The first step in method writing is being honest with yourself. What sort of setting are you looking to immerse yourself in? If you’re writing a historical piece, visiting an old-fashioned farm or plantation could help you learn more about what life was like back then. Or, if you’re writing a fantasy novel with magic and swords, heading down to your local dojo or meeting up with people who take part in SCA (Society for Creative Anachronism) will let you see how sword fighting really works. Keep in mind that it’s all about immersion—the more time and effort you put into your research, the better your story will be.

    When done right, method writing can make your characters feel real because they’re based on truly lived experiences. Even when writing fiction, it’s important to stay grounded in reality.

    Better Method Writing

    As you probably know, everyone has different methods to their madness. Sometimes, it might feel like there’s no right or wrong way to go about things, but that doesn’t mean there aren’t some tips and tricks you can use to improve your own method writing.

    Method writing is simply the practice of immersing yourself in an environment that mimics the setting that you are writing about. If you’re working on a story set in feudal Japan, you might keep yourself immersed in traditional Japanese clothing, set up your home and office with as much Japanese-style furniture as possible, and try to speak only Japanese.

    This can help you get in touch with the world that you’re creating, to discover details about it that might otherwise escape your notice, and to enrich your characters so they feel more alive and realistic.

    1) Don’t Let Your Characters Define You:

    One of my favorite pieces of advice for writers is from author Neil Gaiman: I think if you have an idea for a story, and someone says ‘well why don’t you do it like so-and-so did,’ then don’t do it like so-and-so did. Do what feels right to you. If something feels off, don’t be afraid to break from tradition—there’s always room for improvement!

    2) Get into Character:

    This one is pretty self explanatory: put yourself in character’s shoes. How would they act? What would they say? How would they react? By getting inside their head, you’ll find that it helps build stronger characters.

    3) Read Books About It:

    There are tons of books out there on how to write better characters (I’ve read several), and many of them focus on method writing specifically. Even if you’re not planning on reading them cover-to-cover, flipping through will give you plenty of ideas for improving your process.

    4) Listen to Other Writers Talk About Their Process:

    Check out videos online where other authors talk about their process. It’s a great way to get inspiration, as well as new ideas for improving your own process.

    5) Put Yourself in Scary Situations:

    A great exercise for becoming more comfortable writing horror is actually putting yourself in scary situations—even if just for fun! Practice going up to strangers, looking people directly in the eye when talking to them, going somewhere new alone—it all makes you more comfortable with those actions when writing them down later on.

    Immersion Methods

    Environmental immersion is a simple way to get into character.

    This method involves surrounding yourself with an environment that matches or mimics your setting, character and/or subject. For example, if you’re writing about a castle in medieval England, you might dress as if you were actually living there. If your setting takes place in an English pub or tavern, donning a period costume and purchasing some local ales will set your mind right for creating vivid characters and dramatic scenes. And be sure to note sounds—talking loud to create noise around you can help with inspiration! However, keep these things brief—the goal here is not to distract from writing but to get inspired by it.

    Linguistic immersion is another great tool for getting into character.

    It’s also quite simple—all you have to do is start speaking like your characters would speak! Instead of saying he went outside, try saying he exited his domicile. Or instead of saying she said something, try substituting she vocalized. You may find that taking on a different dialect or accent helps you write more vividly and realistically. The key here is practice—you may feel silly at first but stick with it until it feels natural enough to implement during your work sessions.

    Mood alteration is trickier than other methods listed here, but many writers swear by its effectiveness.

    There are several ways to go about mood alteration—some people prefer changing their clothing, while others prefer listening to music or eating certain foods. But whatever route you choose, make sure it works for you! After all, mood alteration isn’t effective unless it helps put you in the mindset of your characters and/or settings.

    Physical immersion (also known as sensory deprivation) is perhaps one of most well-known methods used by writers.

    By cutting off your senses, you eliminate distractions and focus solely on what’s going on inside your head. Some writers use blindfolds, while others use earplugs—and still others prefer sitting in complete silence. Be careful when using physical immersion though, as it’s easy to become too focused on what’s happening inside your head with no external stimuli to balance things out. Make sure you’re ready for such a challenge before trying out physical immersion!

    Creating a Method Outline

    When you are trying to figure out how to write a story, there is no shortcut or surefire way to ensure that you don’t hit any bumps in your story later on. However, making a method outline can help you see where you might get stuck later and helps prevent you from losing sight of character arcs or plot points.

    The process for creating a method outline can be as easy as writing your character arc in bullet points and numbering them according to their importance. You can also use any visual organizer that works for you: mindmaps, tree diagrams, flow charts—whatever will help you look at things from several angles. The important thing is to have something concrete and visual that you can refer to when it comes time to write your story.

    Character Methodology

    A Method Writer is an artist who has mastered the art of submerging themselves into their current environment by speaking the vernacular of characters, dressing for the setting and changing their environments to suit the world that they are building in order to write more authentically about it, without the hindrance of having to research or ask questions from people living in that world, that could alter the story being told.

    It’s a methodical way of documenting your story and getting in touch with your character. The writer must become their characters in order to write them accurately and develop them believably. Some will say that if you can’t understand how your characters feel, then there’s no reason for anyone else to either.

    Method writing isn’t for everyone, but it helps writers get inside their characters’ heads better than any other tool I’ve ever used before. And really, isn’t that what we want? To write believable characters who draw our readers into their world? If so, give method writing a try. You might find it works for you too.

    Just remember, once you put these processes into action, don’t forget to have fun. A good book isn’t written by numbers and neither is a good character. Remember to breathe life into your creations and let them live within your pages! Then, sit back and watch them take on lives of their own.

    -R.E.

  • The Importance of Filling Plot Holes

    The Importance of Filling Plot Holes

    In any story, it’s important to tie up any loose ends that might have been left hanging. As writers, we call these plot holes because they are holes in the story that need to be filled in by the writer. When your readers think something makes little sense, you risk losing them, so it’s important to fill those plot holes with answers or explanations before someone else does it for you. Luckily, these tips can help you out with everything from basic dialogue to character actions and settings.

    A Hole Issue

    A plot hole is a gap or inconsistency in a storyline that goes against logic or narrative sense. Typically, it refers to missing information, events, actions, character traits, and motivations that are required to understand what has happened within a fictional story. It can also refer to conflicts within an otherwise solid plotline when aspects do not fit together as they should. In short, a plot hole is any piece of information that disrupts continuity.

    A story with plot holes comes across as confusing and often seems to contradict itself. Because most people will give up on watching or reading something they find confusing, it’s important to catch these plot holes before you publish your book. Knowing how to find them is just as critical as knowing how to fix them. It’s surprising how many writers, who are meticulous about their characters, settings and descriptions, don’t pay attention to what happens in their stories once they write dialogue or plotting out action scenes.

    A Bad Ride

    It’s like driving down a road with constant potholes in the pavement; eventually you’ll either fall into one or your car will break down because it can’t handle the wear and tear. A plot hole could cause huge issues with continuity and can break a reader’s sense of immersion in your story if not addressed quickly. If you’ve spotted any plot holes, address them right away before they affect your readers’ perception of your work. If you don’t want to fix them yourself, consider having another person proofread for errors and holes in your narrative structure.

    You may also hire someone who specializes in copy editing or developmental editing. Publishing companies often provided these services, but there are many freelance editors available online who can help you out for much less money than a traditional publisher would charge. You might even know someone who has an eye for detail—and doesn’t mind reading through your entire manuscript—who would help on spec (for free).

    Of course, hiring an editor isn’t necessary if you’re self-publishing, but it is highly recommended. After all, no matter how hard you try to make your book perfect, there will always be mistakes that slip past everyone’s notice. Even big publishers have their fair share of embarrassing typos! Don’t let these mistakes turn off potential readers before they ever have time to enjoy your writing. Fixing plot holes is important if you want people to keep reading and enjoying your book(s) long after publication day.

    Something’s Not Right

    Loose ends need to be tied, plot holes need to be filled. Often, a character will say or do something with no previous explanation.

    -A heroic passerby will know the exact location of the weapon secreted away pages earlier.

    -A worried friend will simply fail to call and check on the person they show concern for.

    -The antagonist prepares a trap in a specific location that is never revisited.

    -An object goes missing from a scene, but the characters don’t seem to notice.

    There’s a chance that your readers are feeling similarly frustrated when these plot holes arise—they want answers, too! It’s important to remember that not every piece of information needs to be specified. However, if you create a gap in your story, it is your responsibility as an author to fill it.

    Get Your Shovel

    Your plot has holes in it, don’t you have to fix them? Sometimes plot holes are noticed right away and other times they don’t pop until several drafts down the road. The good news is that they can be fixed. The easiest way to fill plot holes is by either editing your work or explaining more clearly how things happen. However, sometimes fixing plot holes requires a little extra effort and can get confusing really quickly. In cases like these, writers have several options at their disposal.

    Try writing all of your current plot points in chronological order. Once you’ve done that, look at them critically. Ask yourself how each event leads into another one. Look for situations where characters’ actions make no sense within their personalities or backstories. And finally, ask yourself whether everything makes logical sense. You want to see if everything fits together smoothly. If it doesn’t, then you have a plot hole on your hands.

    Ask yourself what caused your plot hole? Then write three solutions for fixing that problem. If you discover a new plot hole later on, take note so you can add it to your list of story issues to address. Keep track of any workable solutions while they’re fresh in your mind because they’ll come in handy later on when it comes time to fill those holes!

    Tie Off Those Ends

    As you go through revision, make sure that each solution leads to a satisfying conclusion. If not, throw it out and try another option. Don’t be afraid to change your plot as much as needed until it’s seamless and complete. It’s a good idea to have a few backup plans in case you can’t think of anything. Even if you do, it’s nice to know that you have other options if your first idea doesn’t work out.

    If there are multiple problems with your story and/or multiple holes, then start by fixing what seems like it will be easiest first. Make sure that whatever solution you choose addresses every issue before moving onto other ones! If not, then go back and try again until everything is resolved.

    If your plot holes are difficult to fix, ask for help from an editor or trusted friend. Sometimes, just having someone else look at your work can make all the difference. A fresh set of eyes can often point out issues that would otherwise be overlooked. The important thing is not getting frustrated and never giving up! Remember: no matter how big or small they may seem, plot holes are just another part of writing that needs to be addressed.

    How Did This Happen?

    1.) Poor planning–It may seem obvious, but plotting out your novel before writing it will help keep all those loose ends tied together from beginning to end. It also gives you something tangible (the plan) by which to monitor your progress as you go along writing, so nothing gets left behind. Think about how much easier things would be if writing were just like following directions!

    2.) Losing focus–Another common reason for plot holes is that we get too focused on one aspect of our story, leaving other areas in shambles. Perhaps we spend all our time developing one character arc instead of another or begin building an entire subplot before cutting it off because we think it has no relevance later on. Focus is essential when drafting and revising but know when enough is enough so that you can fully develop each important thread sacrificing no others in its place.

    3.) Being unclear about what’s happening–There are two kinds of writers: those who outline and those who don’t. We see both methods have their pros and cons, yet those who outline often say they never have a problem with plot holes.

    Either you haven’t put enough detail into your story, or you don’t know what information to reveal next. If you do not know how to fix these plot holes, try being more organized during the initial drafting process and outlining everything before moving onto chapter two. Also consider working with an editor, who can help point out where your book may lack details and offer suggestions on how to fill it all in properly.

    Watch the Road

    Keep notes on where you’re going: Even though plotting involves planning, things change during development. Jot down ideas as they come up, so you have reference points later on when questions arise, and you need clarification. Don’t be afraid to change things while remembering where they came from originally—this way, your idea isn’t lost but stays true to its original intent. Be flexible and remember that we set no idea in stone until it’s written into a story!

    Going back over past writing sessions can also help jog your memory if you start to feel you’re missing something. A writer is nothing without their notes, after all. But what happens if you’ve never taken any? Make sure to keep an organized folder for your work, with folders for each story or novel you’re working on inside. You’ll find these particularly helpful when developing characters or world-building details. This system may seem intimidating at first, but once you get used to using it, you’ll realize how helpful it really is for organizing your thoughts and keeping track of important plot points.

    -R.E.

  • When Killing a Character is the Right Choice

    When Killing a Character is the Right Choice

    A character has to be interesting to capture your reader’s interest, but it also has to be right for the story you’re trying to tell. Sometimes that means letting go of your favorite character—and killing him or her off—in order to make room for a new, more important character that better helps you progress the story.

    Writing involves making tough decisions, and sometimes those decisions can have enormous impacts on your work – both positive and negative. For characters, there are two decisions that you can make which will have a huge impact: whether to kill a character, and if so, when the right time to do it will be.

    Sometimes, the character you envisioned isn’t the right fit for the story you’re trying to tell. Rather than force your story into the mold of your character, consider killing him or her off or simply moving on to a new one. Here are some tips on how to kill a character off and get away with it so that your readers don’t feel betrayed by you as the author.

    What Happens When I Kill My Character?

    There’s a reason so many authors kill off their main characters. From Romeo and Juliet to Game of Thrones, books and TV shows have clarified that killing off your lead character can be incredibly powerful and moving. But what happens if you take a risk like that? Where do you go after killing off your protagonist? How do you continue telling their story in a way that isn’t cheesy or hokey?

    The answer lies in building them up well before they die—and making sure their death means something. It’s not just an empty shock moment for entertainment’s sake. Instead, think of it as part of an overarching message about good vs. evil or past vs. future or whatever else is important to your overall plot. That’ll help ensure that their death doesn’t feel forced or gimmicky. Make sure it has consequences on other characters and affects how everyone around them behaves from then on out.

    The death of a major character can transform your story. When you kill off a character, it should be in service to your plot and theme. For example, if someone close to them has recently betrayed your main character, that betrayal could lead to their death at their betrayer’s hands. How you write your story depends on how you structure your plot and conflict. For some ideas on literary deaths and what makes them work, look at our post on Death and it’s Brilliant Life in Fiction.

    How Do I Go About Killing Off My Character?

    First, ask yourself why you’re considering killing off your character. Is it because they haven’t been getting along with other characters? Are they too much of a love interest or not enough? If you have come to terms with why killing them off is your best bet, then it’s time to plan. For fictional characters, we can handle death in many ways.

    The best way to kill off a character quickly and painlessly is to delete them from your manuscript. If you decide on a character’s death still, it’s time for preparation and execution. Know why it needs to happen—often when characters die without meaning, their deaths distract from whatever point their life had been leading up to.

    Know How It Happens

    If it’s another character who will do the deed, develop some sort of relationship between these two beforehand. Do they hate each other? Are they friends? Does one look up to another or respect another’s opinion highly? What role does each play in each other’s lives?

    Knowing these details beforehand can help with having stronger dialogue during tense moments between characters before their ultimate confrontation. Be sure to know what each side has to gain and lose by killing off your character (your story will already have stakes). Is there something at stake for everyone or are some not as involved? The different amounts of conflict should mirror how strong their points are, along with how real you make these conflict points feel. 

    Know What Should Happen Next

    Be sure to write out what should happen after your character’s death. If you can’t come up with something, your character shouldn’t die. After all, if he’s so great and important that you need him to die, then it makes sense that his death would have some sort of purpose or meaning. Don’t kill off your characters just because they seem like they’re in danger; make sure their deaths add something to either plot or theme. For example, killing off a beloved hero might be right if he needs to die in order for someone else to take up his mantle as a main character in subsequent books.

    If he dies here and now, where would his body go? Is there someone who will take care of him, or leave him in a dumpster to rot into oblivion? Do you know what happens during your character’s death, or should they die with no further action? Sometimes we need to be reminded that our characters are not just words on paper. They should feel like real people with genuine emotions. Sure, they may only live in our imagination for now, but they deserve to live their lives fully, even if it means going away forever. This can be very difficult, especially if your character has become someone close to you. It’s okay to let them go. Trust me.

    Will Readers Like It If I Kill A Character?

    It’s perfectly acceptable as long as its believable and something that makes sense within the story or plotline. Your editor/agent/reader will appreciate it if you’re flexible enough to allow room for both possibilities. Either way, try not to get too attached until after you’ve written it down because sometimes things don’t work out how we want them to. Be open-minded about changes, revisions and edits! Don’t force a scene that feels wrong. It is wrong.

    Whether you’re considering killing a character to make space for another, or simply to create more plot complications, it’s important to know your readers. Do they typically enjoy shocking twists? Are they fine with sudden character deaths as long as it advances plot lines? What are their opinions on killing main characters versus lesser-known ones?

    Answering these questions will help you decide whether a particular death will go over well with your audience—or if you should make some other changes instead. Keep in mind that no matter how well received it may be, an unexpected death can frustrate readers who have an attachment to certain beloved characters. Before killing off someone’s favorite character, consider whether you need them to die at all. Most often, there is an alternative solution that leaves everyone happy (the dead character included).

    Whose Characters Are They?

    It outrages many fans when long-standing characters die. Take the death of Sherlock Holmes, for instance. When Sir Arthur Conan Doyle killed off his most famous character in 1893, he received over fifty thousand letters protesting his decision. While it’s okay to take a calculated risk by killing off one of your favorite characters—or even one that you like little—be prepared for fan outcry and plan accordingly.

    You’ll need to account for increased interest from news outlets (print and online) as well as social media chatter about your book or story; you might even see people posting reviews that are wholly focused on how terrible you are for taking out their beloved character. Having a major character die can also cause issues later in your series if they were beloved by readers. If you didn’t handle their departure right, or if one of your story lines revolved around them, it can discourage readers not to see that plot thread come together again.

    Any writer will tell you that killing off a character is a hard choice to make. It’s emotionally taxing, and it can have far-reaching implications for your plot—not to mention your other characters. But sometimes you need to kill off a character in order to add emotional impact or kick-start major plot points. You need to know when it’s right to pull that trigger before you even start writing. Most of all, you need to make sure your decision has enough payoff that it won’t just leave readers feeling like you cheated them out of something exciting.

    -R.E.

  • World Building With the Power of Illustration

    World Building With the Power of Illustration

    How do you build an incredible, realistic world? We’ve all heard the adage that if you can imagine it, you can create it. But what if that world doesn’t exist yet? What details should you include in your imaginary environment? A lot of writers, especially those that write sci-fi or fantasy stories, bring their worlds to life by creating vivid, real-life settings that are almost palpable to the reader. From the fantastical settings of epic fantasy novels to the gritty and realistic locations that populate mystery and thriller series, every story has its own world to explore. Even if the story isn’t taking place on Earth, it may still be helpful to have some real-world examples to draw inspiration from. We can achieve this through the use of illustration. If you’re not sure how to start, here are some tips and tools that you can use as you create your next fictional universe!

    World Building Builds Consistency

    We’ve all created a mood board or two to help gauge the theme of our works in progress and keep true to that theme throughout. But what if we could go one step further? What if we could visually represent our world as it would appear, not just for its characters, but for everywhere they interacted? While some people are fully confident that they can communicate their vision through describing the images in their heads alone, others believe there is an advantage in using images when creating a world from scratch. World building is one of the more difficult aspects when first starting out – perhaps even more so than plot building! And yet without it we’re limited in so many ways.

    World building helps you make sure that your readers will never confuse where your scene takes place, no matter how long after it was last described. It puts emphasis on places and spaces within your story, highlighting them just as much as any character ever could. In short: a well-built world keeps your story focused and cohesive—something every writer should strive for!

    Writing With Reference

    When you’re looking to create a truly realistic setting for your work, one of your best tools is a physical object. The simple act of holding an object can spark ideas that would otherwise never have occurred to you. For example, if you’re writing about a famous location like Seattle, it helps to go there—or at least find some images or videos on YouTube or in books. You might see an image that sparks your imagination: what if my characters made a left turn here instead? What kind of restaurant would they be passing by? That sort of brainstorming is far more productive than simply trying to imagine how people live in Seattle because (as mentioned) fiction writers often use their imaginations as cloaks for lazy writing.

    Modern day technology lets us roam the world virtually, seeing landscapes and skylines that we could only imagine before. Maybe you’re writing about a time when there were no cars or phones; if so, it helps to consult old maps or 19th century newspapers to get a sense of what those places were like. Some writers even build up detailed timelines with images depicting events as they happened on various days in history—this can be helpful for creating a certain mood or ambiance in your book. When the entirety of your world comes from you, those city skylines and sewer maps will have to come from you as well.

    Sketching Can Help Create Realistic Settings

    Many writers come up with interesting settings but don’t know how to capture their physical traits. By practicing world building through sketching, writers can create a cohesive visual setting that will pull their readers into new worlds. No matter what type of writing you’re doing or where you are in your career, sketching out your settings can help make your story more immersive. Even if you aren’t an artist, try it! It might surprise you how easy it is to pick up. Sketching forces you to focus on individual elements and really flesh out spaces.

    As a bonus, when you create a sketch, you never have to worry about continuity or inconsistencies—everything exists in its own little bubble. And by taking time away from your computer screen and getting some fresh air outside (weather permitting!), sketches encourage better overall focus as well. Although fiction authors can use only one place for inspiration, combining real life places and fictional places into one cohesive location is also great practice. Besides giving your background visual dimensionality, incorporating non-fictional structures and architectural features makes it easier for readers to visualize actual structures they’ve seen before.

    Keep it Loose

    Remember that you’re sketching to write (unless you’ve planned a finished piece), so there is no need to include details you don’t intend to show the reader. The wood grain on a window sill may be of note – if so, sketch it in. It will be there when you need to reference the sketch while building your scenes. If it is of no importance, however, it is best not to sketch it in. The illustrations that you use for world building should be specific as reference, but not so detailed that they take away the focus from the parts of the scene that matter. Don’t spend too much time focusing on things that readers won’t see. Keep it loose!

    A good visual storyteller doesn’t tell their audience what they can see—the audience makes inferences based on context clues and observation. Your sketches are not exact replicas of what you envision in your head; they are prompts designed to bring ideas to life. This works especially well with maps because they make it easy for writers to picture entire settings within a single glance. Many times a map can make all the difference between immersion and distraction – drawing an unfamiliar landscape helps establish setting at once.

    Mapmaking For Immersive Worlds

    For writers who want to create a realistic environment for their story, mapmaking is an excellent way to get a sense of your surroundings. Before you describe your setting, look at it: Get out some paper or open up Photoshop. Look at your plot points, how they’re laid out—and what’s between them. If you were walking through your world, how would you get from Point A to Point B? What sights would you see along the way? While it’s entirely possible (and often preferable) to let these details unfold organically as your plot progresses, writing them down beforehand can give a sense of consistency and realism that few readers will notice but that authors will appreciate.

    You’ll have specific places to refer to if inspiration strikes in later scenes and you can be sure everything makes sense geographically, which may even help avoid pacing issues later on. In a story with magic or other fantastical elements, having a firm grasp of where things fit within our own reality can also help ground things more solidly in your audience’s mind. The work may not be so much about mapping cities as it is about mapping our minds. The more we think about how individuals navigate their environments and negotiate obstacles, both large and small, the better we’ll understand people as both individuals and members of larger communities with different needs, desires, expectations, hopes, dreams, etc.

    Find Patterns Visually for Vivid Descriptions

    As you mentally scan your setting, take a second to compare things. Note objects’ sizes, textures, shapes, orientation, and any defining characteristics or patterns they have. You don’t need to feel pressure to sketch each detail—just try to be observant! This exercise can help you find inspiration for descriptions later on. We all know that we can describe a room in one way (maybe two if it’s really nice) but imagine how much more detail you could add if you look for visual patterns. If you’re stumped on describing a location, just start drawing what stands out to you. You might notice certain shapes pop up repeatedly, like windows or doorways. Or there might be clusters of items in a particular part of town or building. These types of landmarks are important details. By consciously making these sorts of connections, you’ll be able to make your world seem deeper with less effort.

    Also, because you’ve already been paying attention to these elements, when it comes time to write, you won’t waste time trying to figure out why some streets/buildings/rooms look similar/distinct from others. The key difference between creating words versus images is focus. When putting together an illustration of your environment, you pay closer attention than when just looking around on a normal day. Make sure not to fall into autopilot mode! Do not zone out while drawing; stay focused on noticing patterns around you. It may sound silly, but staying alert will give your illustrations character and make them useful tools for homing in on exact descriptions later down the line.

    Fade Details For Lesser Objects

    Just as we see in the real world, we give scenery in art less definition, less saturation, when in the background. The same should be true for your setting descriptions. Use your sketch to help identify who and what is in the forefront – and give them the detail to show it. Make sure you keep yourself from getting carried away with details though – otherwise you could end up with a real mess on your hands (figuratively speaking). Instead, focus on only one or two of your characters at a time. If all else fails and you’re still having issues describing things correctly, ask someone else to look over it for you! Even if they’re not an artist themselves, most people can pick out those problems fairly easily and that should be enough information for you to solve your own dilemma!

    While each author will take their own approach to world building and how it pertains to the story they want to tell, it’s fair to say that no story would exist without it. However, just because world building is an integral part of every book does not mean that all authors create immersive and dynamic worlds. The world of writing can be dry and boring if your story takes place in an uninspired setting. It’s hard to create an interesting character, plot, or story line when you have nothing but own imagination to work with. So why not take advantage of the wealth of details waiting just outside of your focus with illustration?

    -C.B.

  • How to Craft Believable Antagonists

    How to Craft Believable Antagonists

    The antagonist—a character who wants something but goes about achieving it in the wrong way—is one of the most essential parts of any plot. While the protagonist might be heroic and likable, he or she is nearly always going to have an antagonist to fight against and overcome. However, antagonists are not all created equal, and there’s definitely an art to creating that compelling foe who makes your hero’s journey worthwhile.

    Why Do Readers Care About Antagonists?

    Protagonists that readers can relate to, and whose success one can cheer for, require antagonists. No matter what genre you’re writing in or what your story is about, there needs to be someone, or something, who is standing in your protagonist’s way of achieving his goal. Besides creating obstacles for your hero, antagonists also keep things moving along by creating consequences for characters’ actions and forcing them into difficult situations. Like it or not (and there will be readers who don’t), your antagonist will become a large part of how readers think about and remember your story. It’s important that the antagonist is memorable enough on their own to leave an impression on readers but doesn’t steal attention away from your main character too much.

    Antagonists are anchors and drivers. Just as many parts of a story are mirrored, so too are the main opposing forces in a story. If your protagonist is trying to get out of prison, your antagonist might run a business there. If your character is on their way home from war, then their antagonist could travel to start one (or visit those who have). All great stories need strong antagonistic counterforces that help propel them forward and keep things interesting along the way.

    Mirror, Mirror

    Much like a good protagonist, an antagonist needs to be three-dimensional. Readers need to empathize with him or her in order for them to root for or against him or her. So, give your antagonist a motive: a genuine need, want, desire or fear that is driving his actions. From there, think about how those feelings push your antagonist into doing despicable things that are necessary to satisfy his motives. Do you remember what motivates your protagonist? Make sure you explore similar motivations on both sides of your conflict. When a grudge is fueling your antagonist’s behavior (or vice versa), make sure it makes sense and both characters give it appropriate weight—and don’t forget to resolve it! Your readers will appreciate seeing conflicts resolved as much as seeing them created.

    The universe wired our brains to root for protagonists, but when a villain enters our scene, we turn on him or her right away. A primary way to humanize your antagonist is to show what makes them tick. For example, a malevolent character might be in constant pain or suffering from mental illness; otherwise rational characters might do bad things due to pressure from their peers (like Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter); and so on. These are all great reasons a character does evil deeds, but by showing how society judges these characters because of who they are—or make judgments against them because of what they look like—you create empathy in readers even if you still don’t like who they are.

    One common mistake writers make is trying to see the antagonist as bad in every way possible. This ends up being a bad idea most of the time, as it feels forced and doesn’t allow you to take full advantage of your character. Instead, choose one type of wrong and make that part of your antagonist’s identity.

    Choosing the right type of wrong will also help create nuanced interactions with your protagonist. When you write someone who is all about their own needs with no regard for others, their scenes with a protagonist motivated by family or community will play out differently than if you write someone similar but concerned for others.

    If you’re writing an epic fantasy series, then it could be there aren’t many villains—just people on both sides of a conflict doing what they think is right but making mistakes along the way. But even here there has to be a big enough gap between protagonist and antagonist so that readers care about your hero and his quest for justice or vengeance or whatever it may be. The key thing is knowing who everyone is fighting against (even if it’s themselves).

    And, here’s one last tip: Be sure to take opportunities along the way to point out that decent people have done bad things throughout history; there’s no virtue attached to morality. Heroes can commit vile acts just as easily as villains can, and readers will always forgive their beloved heroes.

    Give Them a Realistic Plan

    Like a protagonist, a compelling antagonist is likely to have their own agenda or set of goals. But it’s very important that these goals be at least somewhat realistic—if not possible in real life, then at least plausible within your story world. Most antagonists have a difficult time defeating their enemy. The more unrealistic that plan is, the less realistic they’ll be at succeeding. Give your antagonist something concrete to aim for. That way, they’ll feel more motivated and take more ownership of his or her actions in achieving his or her goal.

    Part of what makes antagonists so terrifying is their willingness to do whatever it takes to achieve those goals. One of your protagonist’s greatest strengths—and what we can often use against them—is that they want a win-win scenario for everyone. In order to manipulate and defeat them, give your antagonist a plan with obvious outcomes, but also specific reasons each option won’t work out in his favor. The more you complicate and confuse things for your protagonists, the easier it will be for you to create anxiety and tension for your readers. So give your antagonist a genuine reason to pursue what they want (and maybe some self-awareness of why getting it might not be so easy). This will help you build tension and keep your readers on their toes!

    Make Them Vulnerable

    Your character’s vulnerability makes them relatable, it gives them depth, and it makes them much more interesting to readers. After all, nobody enjoys reading about a flawless character. Making your character vulnerable can also make them seem more sympathetic if they struggle with certain aspects of their life or if they cannot achieve something they’ve always wanted. This can also make readers root for your villain even though they know what he/she is doing is wrong because at least their motives are relatable. A well-written antagonist that lacks authentic emotion will often feel one-dimensional and will lose reader interest in a hurry. If you struggle with how to characterize your antagonist, try making him/her vulnerable or ask yourself why that might be. What made them vulnerable? Was there an event that changed their perspective on life?

    Give Them Power over Their Foes

    It’s an adage that power corrupts, but perhaps it also clarifies. When you have a firm grasp on what makes your protagonist tick, why not make their enemy the personification of all of those vices? Give them what they want—or at least something to get in their way — and then let them earn it.

    The core of any good antagonist lies in his ability to give your hero a worthy adversary to overcome. Allow them to give your hero rewards greater than money or possessions—such as emotional satisfaction. When given power over another character, they’re more interesting and complex and thus require better writing. After all, just how many times can we repeat ourselves and say he was just evil? By giving your antagonist legitimate control of your hero’s well-being, whether physical or mental (or both), you create something much stronger.

    Let Them Complicate It!

    The protagonist is a fearless hero/heroine whose job is to make the story move forward by overcoming obstacles and working out problems. We therefore task the antagonist with complicating the life or path of the protagonist. An antagonist doesn’t have to be a bad guy (though many are), but he or she must stand in the way of progress—and thwart it often enough that it can surprise us when things go right for the protagonist. What makes an antagonist compelling isn’t just how he or she complicates things for the protagonist; it’s how they do so in unique ways as we play along with their motivations and desires as an audience member. The best antagonists don’t always want what’s best for themselves, but what will hurt our protagonists most deeply.

    Don’t overcomplicate matters. Piling on subplots and a huge cast of characters will only bog down your story; you’re better off focusing on one or two interrelated conflicts. Letting your antagonists complicate (but not solve) your problems is crucial to keeping things interesting. It also gives you more room to play with that age-old narrative tool: time.

    The Good, the Bad, and the Conflict

    One of the primary jobs of an antagonist is to create and escalate conflict. But there are two different conflicts, physical and emotional. The best antagonists understand how both work, which allows them to use conflict at every level, from a single scene up through an entire book or series. While physical conflict is obvious, emotional conflicts are often subtle—and it’s these that can ramp up tension in a story. So, when creating your antagonist (s), spend some time thinking about what drives them—what do they care about? What do they fear? It might not be obvious what motivates your antagonist at first glance (is Dracula working for love or power?), but by figuring out their core motivation, you’ll be able to more easily connect with readers.

    It takes talent to develop a villain who can steal focus from your protagonist without being convoluted. Give your antagonist depth by showing moments where their humanity seeps through or one time when events don’t go quite according to plan for them. Creating such human moments are great ways for readers to sympathize with otherwise unlikeable characters because we see beyond simple motivations and actions into motivations intertwined with other emotions such as regret, loneliness, and love.

    -R.E.